Key terms: speech, gamma rhythm, beta rhythm, brain computer interface, neurofeedback, neural synchronization.įor patients with intractable epilepsy who require brain surgery, the success and safety of the procedure crucially depends on the correct definition of the brain volume to be resected. We propose that this procedure constitutes at the least a useful complement of electrical cortical stimulations to map eloquent brain areas in epileptic patients before their surgery, but also a path of discovery for human functional brain mapping. Using this two-stage approach with an epileptic patient candidate for surgery and implanted with intracerebral electrodes, we were able to precisely map high-level auditory functions in the patients' superior temporal lobe.
The present study proposes and applies a radically novel framework for mapping human brain functions in ecological situations based on a combination of a) exploratory sessions, using real-time electrophysiology to formulate hypotheses about the functional role of precise cortical regions and b) controlled experimental protocols specifically adapted to test these hypotheses. This approach, which relies on the possibility to test online the reactivity of precise neural populations has no equivalent so far in humans. Famous examples of such exploration have unveiled various unexpected response properties, such as those of mirror neurons.
Our understanding of the brain's functional organisation has greatly benefited from occasional exploratory sessions during electrophysiological studies, trying various manipulations of an animal's environment to trigger responses in particular neurons. JEAN-PHILIPPE LACHAUX, KARIM JERBI 1, OLIVIER BERTRAND 1, LORELLA MINOTTI 2, DOMINIQUE HOFFMANN 3, BENJAMIN SCHOENDORFF 1, and PHILIPPE KAHANE 2ġ INSERM, U821, Lyon, F-69500, France Institut Fédératif des Neurosciences, Lyon, F-69000, France Université Lyon 1, Lyon, F-69000, France.Ģ Department of Neurology and INSERM U704, Grenoble Hospital, Grenoble, France.ģ Department of Neurosurgery and INSERM U318, Grenoble Hospital, Grenoble, France. BrainTV: a novel approach for online mapping of human brain functions
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